2016四級(jí)翻譯語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)

　　1、it is +adj\\n that + 虛擬

　　2、it is +done(表示建議、要求)that + 虛擬

　　二、賓語從句：

　　1、I suggest(表示命令;建議;請(qǐng)求) that „„ shoule +do„„ (在虛擬語氣中，shoule have done = ought to have done,其他時(shí)候should 不等于ought to) 2、I wish that „„(用虛擬語氣)

　　三、目的狀語：

　　Lest或者for fear that + (虛擬語氣)should do

　　四、 if從句： 即 主句„„, if 從句„„

　　1、倒裝代替if從句：Had\\Were\\Should „„，主句„„

　　2、but for = without(如果不是)代替if從句， 兩個(gè)都是介詞 But for \\without + 名詞 ，主句„„

　　3、with + 名詞 ，主句 „„

　　4、if only + (if 從句) 要是„„該多好

　　五、隱藏虛擬語氣：本打算做但結(jié)果沒有做的

　　1、had hoped\\intended\\planned\\expected\\wanted\\meant to do

　　2、hoped to have done

　　3、be(was\\were) + to have done 4、would\\should like to have done Would have done 表意愿、將來

　　Should have done 竟然做了、本應(yīng)該做的 Could have done 有能力做 Might have done 表示猜測(cè)

　　Need have done 本來需要做的卻沒有做

　　主從句時(shí)間不一致情況下的虛擬語氣

　　有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和結(jié)果與主句中的動(dòng)作，發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)動(dòng)作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。如：

　　1. 從句表示將來，主句表示過去：

　?、?、If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night.

　　2. 從句表示過去，主句表示將來：

　　⑴、If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.

　　⑵、If we hadn' t made adequate preparations, we shouldn' t dare to do the experiment next week。

　　3.從句表示將來，主句表示現(xiàn)在：

　　⑴、If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.

　　4.從句表示過去，主句表示現(xiàn)在。

　?、?、If they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.

　?、?、If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.

　　5.從句表示過去，主句表示過去和現(xiàn)在

　?、?、If you hadn’t lent me some money, I couldn’t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.

　　在不少情況下，虛擬式已變成習(xí)慣說法，很難找出其暗含的條件。

　　(1) 、You wouldn’t know. 你不會(huì)知道。

　　(2) 、 would like to come. 我愿意來。

　　(3) 、I wouldn’t have dreamed of it. 這是我做夢(mèng)也不會(huì)想到的。

　　(4) 、He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他將那事講的非常仔細(xì)，簡直就象他親眼看見一樣。

　　6.從句表示現(xiàn)在，主句表示過去

　　⑴、If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你，我就去參加她的生日晚會(huì)了。(從句說明現(xiàn)在，主句說明過去。)