高中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)人教版(一)

　　* wear out (把) 穿破;(把) 用壞;(使) 疲乏;(使) 耗盡I have worn out my shoes. / My patience wore (was worn) out.

　　(2) put on 穿上;戴上(側(cè)重穿著的動(dòng)作)

　　Put on your sweater, otherwise you will feel cold.

　　(3) dress vt. 給……穿衣服 n. 衣服;連衣裙

　　dress sb. (in sth.) 或 be dressed (in sth.) 注意：穿的衣服接在in之后。Mother dressed her baby and then they went downstairs.

　　(4) have on 表示穿著的狀態(tài)，注意不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)。

　　At the Spring Festival, all children have on new clothes.

　　(5) be in表示穿著的狀態(tài) There was a girl in red.

　　(6) try on 試穿 Mother was trying on a new dress.

　　2. strike, hit, beat

　　(1) hit vt.

　?、?打;敲;擊;擊中;射中 He hit a ball over the fence. / The stone hit him on the head.

　　② 使……受到打擊 The bad news hit every one hard.

　　(2) beat vt. & vi.

　?、?連續(xù)有節(jié)奏地打;敲

　　The rain heat against the window.

　　② (心)跳動(dòng) His heart had stopped beating.

　?、?(鳥(niǎo)翼) 撲動(dòng)

　　The bird beat its wings rapidly as it flew on.

　?、?打敗;打贏;取勝

　　Our champion can beat all runners in the country.

　　(3) strike vt. & vi.

　?、?打;敲;擊;砍;打中;擊中

　　He struck me with his fist.

　　The house was struck by lightning.

　?、?發(fā)起進(jìn)攻;襲擊

　　He moved away as the animal struck.

　?、?撞;觸(礁)

　　His head struck the table as he fell.

　?、?擦(火柴)

　　I struck a match and held it to his cigarette.

　　⑤ (某種想法) 忽然出現(xiàn);忽然想起，相當(dāng)于occur to。

　　A happy thought struck her.

　?、?給人深刻印象(常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

　　I was struck by her beauty.

　　⑦ 罷工 They are striking for higher pay.

　?、?(鐘)敲(響) We waited for the clock to strike six.

　　3. complete, finish

　　complete 可作形容詞，表示“徹底的;全面的”。

　　complete與finish表示“完成”時(shí)的區(qū)別。

　　(1) complete 作及物動(dòng)詞，只接 n. 或 pron.，常用于完成預(yù)定的任務(wù)，工程建設(shè)等The railway is not completed yet.

　　(2) finish vi. / vt. 指完成，結(jié)束一件事情;可接 n. 或doing。如：finish one's homework / middle school / writing the book

　　高中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)人教版(二)

　　1. cut down

　　(1) 砍倒 If you cut down all the trees you will rain the land.

　　(2) 減少;削減 I have decided to cut down my smoking.

　　2.含get的短語(yǔ)

　?、?get back 回來(lái)，恢復(fù)，送回

　?、?get off下來(lái)，動(dòng)身，起飛 ③ get up 起床，站起來(lái)

　　④ get on 上(車)

　?、?get on / along with 與某人相處.某事的進(jìn)展

　?、?get together 聚首，碰頭 ⑦ get away from 逃離

　?、?get on one's feet 站起來(lái) ⑨ get down 下來(lái)

　?、?get on well with 與……相處融洽

　　⑪ get married 結(jié)婚 ⑫ get to 到達(dá)

　　⑬ get through 通過(guò)，接通

　　⑭ get down to 開(kāi)始著手做某事

　　⑮ get across (使)通過(guò) ⑯ get(a)round 傳開(kāi)，說(shuō)服

　　⑰ get in 進(jìn)入。收獲 ⑱ get out 出去，逃脫

　　[例句]How are you getting along with your business? 生意進(jìn)展如何? / If you take Mary out for a drive you must promise to get her back for her music lesson. 如果你帶瑪麗去兜風(fēng)的話，你必須答應(yīng)帶她回來(lái)上音樂(lè)課。/ I can't get my boots off, for they are too tight. 我脫不掉靴子，它太緊了。/ We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time. 在圣誕期間我們盡量一年至少聚會(huì)一次。/ When one has business on hand it is hard to get away from home. 如果一個(gè)人手頭有事，離開(kāi)家很難。

　　【考例】(2004遼寧) The final examination is coming up soon. It's time for us to ____ our studies.

　　A. get down to B. get out C. get back for D. get over

　　[考查目標(biāo)] 此題主要考查get短語(yǔ)。

　　[答案與解析]A get down to 意為“開(kāi)始著手做某事”;get out 意為“離開(kāi)，擺脫”;get back for 意為“回去拿”;get over意為“克服，渡過(guò)”。本句話意思是：期末考試就要到了，我們?cè)撻_(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)了。

　　【考例】(NMET 1993)Readers can ____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.

　　A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through

　　[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查get短語(yǔ)。

　　[答案與解析]C get over 意為“痊愈，克服”;get in 意為“插話”;get along 意為“進(jìn)展.繼續(xù)”;gel through 意為“接通。辦完”。本句話意思是：讀者不必準(zhǔn)確知道每個(gè)詞的意思就能繼續(xù)下去。

　　3. get away (from)

　　(1) 擺脫 Ways must be found to get away from poverty.

　　(2)走開(kāi);離開(kāi) She didn't get away until nine last night.

　　(3)逃走，使離開(kāi)The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away.

　　(4)拿走 Get all thee party dishes away!

　　4. get close to

　　(1) close adj. 靠近;接近

　　The church is close to the shops.

　　親密;密切

　　Are you a close friend of theirs?

　　(2) close adv. 靠近;接近

　　He was standing close to the door.

　　(3) close v. 關(guān)上;關(guān)閉(不開(kāi)發(fā));結(jié)束

　　She closed her eyes. / Her eyes closed. (閉上)

　　(4 ) closely adv. 緊密地;仔細(xì)地;密切地

　　He got closely in touch with the magazines of today.

　　The little baby was closely looked after by her.

　　[比較]

　　(1) close 與 closely 作副詞時(shí)，close含具體之意，closely 含抽象之意。

　　(2) 類似的詞組有 high (高) -- highly (高度地)，deep (深深地) -- deeply (深入地)，wide (很開(kāi)，寬) -- widely (廣 泛地)，low (低的)-- lowly (低賤的) (作形容詞)

　　5. hand in 交上去(給老師或上級(jí));交來(lái)(hand v.)

　　Each student has to hand in a composition once a week.

　　[比較]

　　(1) hand down 傳下來(lái);傳給 Our father handed down these customs to us.

　　(2) hand on…to…傳給，傳遞They will hand the photograph to those who have not seen it.

　　(3) hand out 發(fā)給大家;散發(fā) The teacher handed out the books at the beginning of the lesson.

　　6. instead of 代替……

　　(1) instead of + n. / pron.

　　Give me the red one instead 0f the green one.

　　(2) instead of + doing

　　We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator.

　　(3) instead of + 介詞短語(yǔ)

　　He studies in the evening instead of during the day.

　　[比較]

　　(1) instead adv. 作為替代 (……而)，代替 If Harry is not well enough to go with you, take me instead.

　　(2) rather than 而不是，與其……寧愿 He ran rather than walked.

　　(3) in place of 代替，……而不用The Chinese use chopsticks in place of knives and forks.

　　7. 含take的短語(yǔ)

　?、?take a picture 照相，拍照

　　② take a taxi / bus, etc. 打的(坐公交車等)

　?、?take away 拿走，奪取，使離去

　　④ take care of 小心，照料，保管

　?、?take off 脫，去掉，取消，起飛

　?、?take out 拿出，帶……出去

　?、?take one's place 就坐，坐某人的座位，代替某人的位置

　?、?take place 發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生

　?、?take exercise 做運(yùn)動(dòng)

　?、?take a seat 坐下

　　⑪ take turns 輪流

　　⑫ take an active part in 積極參加

　　⑬ take a message 捎口信

　　⑭ take on 從事，呈現(xiàn)

　　⑮ take the place of 取代，代替

　　⑯ take apart 拆開(kāi)

　　⑰ take down 拿下，記下

　　⑱ take...for... 誤認(rèn)為……

　　⑲ take in 吸收，接納

　　⑳ take up 拿起.從事.占據(jù)

　　[例句] Father was convinced that Peter was unhappy at boarding school, and made arrangements to take him away. 父親確信彼得在寄宿學(xué)校不開(kāi)心，決定把他帶走。/ Will you lake care of buying the wine for tonight's party? 你負(fù)責(zé)為今晚的晚會(huì)買酒水好嗎? / The boys got into the car and took off for the drug store. 男孩們進(jìn)到車?yán)铮_(kāi)車去了藥店。/ He took my place in the queue so that I could go and get something to eat. 他替我排好了隊(duì)，以便我能夠回

　　去弄點(diǎn)兒吃的。

　　8. used to

　　(1) used to do sth. 過(guò)去常常……(現(xiàn)在已不如此)

　　We used to grow beautiful roses.

　　注意：否定句和疑問(wèn)句有兩種

　　You usedn’t to make that mistake.

　　She didn't use(d) to do it, did she?

　　You used to smoke a pipe, didn't you? / use(d) n't you?

　　(2) be / get / become used to + n. / doing 習(xí)慣于

　　I have always been used to hard work.

　　He got used to living in the country.

　　(3) be used to do 被用來(lái)做……

　　This knife is used to cut bread.

　　表示“過(guò)去常常……”時(shí)，used to與would區(qū)別：

　　(1) would 只強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去常常……”，used to 說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在不是如此。

　　The old woman would sit there for hours doing nothing.

　　(2) would 只接行為動(dòng)詞，used to 可接行為動(dòng)詞和表狀態(tài)的詞。如：be, like, know, have。There used to be a temple at the foot of the mountain.

　　9. watch out 當(dāng)心;注意

　　You'll be cheated if you don't watch out.

　　(1) watch out for = look out for 提防;當(dāng)心

　　You must always watch out for the traffic here!

　　(2) watch over 照看;看守;負(fù)責(zé)

　　The mother bird is watching over her young.

　　10. 含“動(dòng)詞 + out”短語(yǔ)

　?、?come out 出來(lái)，出版，傳出

　?、?go out 出去，熄滅，不時(shí)興

　　③ look out 當(dāng)心，注意

　?、?take out 拿出，取出，帶……出去

　?、?rush out 沖出去，匆忙大量生產(chǎn)

　?、?try out 嘗試，試驗(yàn)

　?、?watch out 小心

　?、?wear out 穿破，用壞，(使)疲乏，消磨

　?、?find out 找出，查出

　?、?make out 填寫，完成.設(shè)法應(yīng)付

　　⑪ get out 出去，逃離，泄露，公布

　　⑫ pick out 看出，選出

　　⑬ think out 想出

　　⑭ give out 發(fā)出，筋疲力盡

　　⑮ set out出發(fā)，陳述

　　[例句]Please go out and tell the children to make less noise. 請(qǐng)出去告訴孩子們不要吵鬧。/ These bicycles have been rushed out and not up to our usual standard. 這些自行車匆忙大量生產(chǎn)，沒(méi)有達(dá)到我們的正常標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。/ Watch out. The train is coming. 小心，火車來(lái)了。/ Your will wear out your patience in time, my friend. 朋友，最終我們會(huì)沒(méi)有耐心的。

　　【考例】(2005湖北) This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can ____ my father.

　　A. find out B. pick out

　　C. look out D. speak out

　　[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查out構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)意思區(qū)別。

　　[答案與解析]B pick out意為“挑選，辨別出”;find out意為“找出.發(fā)現(xiàn)”;look out意為“留神，注意”： speak out意為“大聲說(shuō)出”。

　　高中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)人教版(三)

　　1. You shouldn't go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket. 除非你會(huì)游泳，而且要一直穿著救生衣，否則就不應(yīng)該去做漂流運(yùn)動(dòng)。

　　該句中的unless引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：One can't learn a foreign language well unless he studies hard.

　　unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，一般可以與if...not...互換。還要注意unless引導(dǎo)的從句經(jīng)?？梢允÷?。

　　【考例】(200l北京春招)The men will have to wait all day ____ the doctor works faster.

　　A. if B. unless C. whether D. that

　　[考查目標(biāo)]狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　[答案與解析]B 句子意思是“如果醫(yī)生不快點(diǎn)工作，

　　這些人將不得不等一整天。”應(yīng)該選unless。

　　2. Eco-travel is a way to find out what can be done to help animals and plants as well as people. 生態(tài)游可以找到既幫助別人.又幫助動(dòng)植物的途徑。

　　該句中的as well as是連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列成分。例如: He can speak German as well as French.

　　常見(jiàn)的用法:

　　1. well是副詞，意思是“好，優(yōu)秀”，as well as是形容詞 同級(jí)比較結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　2. as well as是固定短語(yǔ)，意思是“和”，相當(dāng)于"not only … but also..."。

　　3. as well as連接兩個(gè)并列成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與前面那個(gè)名詞或代詞的人稱或數(shù)保持一致。

　　4. as well as還可當(dāng)作復(fù)雜介詞用，意思是“除了……之外，還有”;相當(dāng)于"besides，apart from"。

　　5. as well，是副詞短語(yǔ)，意思是“也”，相當(dāng)于“too / also”常位于句尾，與too位置相當(dāng)。

　　6. may / might as well do sth 表示“還是……的好”。

　　【考例】(NMET 1994) John plays football ____, if not better than David.

　　A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as

　　[考查目標(biāo)] as well as連接比較狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　[答案與解析]B 該句中 if not better than相當(dāng)于插入語(yǔ)，起干擾作用，如果不予考慮，原句就變成了同級(jí)比較結(jié)構(gòu) "John plays football as well as David"。

　　3. Before she could move，she heard a loud noise. 她還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及動(dòng)彈，就聽(tīng)見(jiàn)很響的聲音。

　　However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her. 但還沒(méi)有回過(guò)身來(lái)，洪水便逼近了她。

　　該兩句中的before用作連詞，后接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。before用作連詞，接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表示“在……之前”。但在不同的語(yǔ)境中，往往有比較靈活的譯法。例如: He knocked me down before he saw me. 他差一點(diǎn)把我撞倒，才看到我。

　　【考例】(2005廣東) The American Civil War lasted four years the North won in the end.

　　A. after B. before C. when D. then

　　[考查目標(biāo)] 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞選擇。

　　[答案與解析]B before 表示“直到……”。

　　4. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep. 洪水想必深達(dá)三米，樹(shù)一棵接一棵地倒了，被洪水沖斷了。

　　該句中的must have been表示推測(cè)。例如：You look so tired. You must have stayed up last night.

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may，might，most.can，could常用來(lái)表示推測(cè)。may，might，must多用在肯定句中，can，could多用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。may，might，must，can，could后接動(dòng)詞原形表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè);may，might，must，can，could后接have done。表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)。例如：

　　You may be a professor. / She must have met a fairy.

　　【考例】(2005遼寧)This cake is very sweet. You ____ a lot of sugar in it.

　　A. should put B. could have put

　　C. might put D. must have put

　　[考查目標(biāo)] 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)。

　　[答案與解析] D 前文說(shuō)蛋糕很甜，由此可知一定是糖

　　放多了。對(duì)于過(guò)去的動(dòng)作的推測(cè)應(yīng)使用have done的

　　結(jié)構(gòu)，所以應(yīng)在B、D之間做選擇，又因?yàn)閏ould have

　　done表示本可以做而沒(méi)有做，所以選擇D。

　　5. ... she heard a loud noise，which grew to a terrible roar. ……她聽(tīng)見(jiàn)了很響的聲音，接著就變成了可怕的隆隆轟鳴聲。

　　該句中的which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。例如：He bought some reference books, which were all about science. 他買了許多的參考資料.都是有關(guān)理科的。

　　which 作為關(guān)系代詞.既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。例如：The train which left for Beijing pulled in on time. 前往北京的火車按時(shí)進(jìn)站了。His dog, which was now very old, became ill and died.他的狗，現(xiàn)在老了，生病死了。

　　【考例】(2005浙江) Jim passed the driving test, ____ surprised everybody in the office.

　　A. which B. that C. this D. it

　　[考查目標(biāo)]非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

　　[答案與解析]A which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。指代前面整個(gè)句子。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

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