高中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)
高中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)(一)
have a pain in the stomach 胃(腹)疼
lie on one’s stomach 俯臥
have the stomach for… 對(duì)……有興趣
turn one’s stomach 使……惡心
on an empty/a full stomach 空著肚子/吃飽
2. bar n.
(1)條狀物;棒
a bar of soap 一條肥皂 a bar of chocolate 一條巧克力 a bar of gold一根金條
(2)酒吧 a coffee bar
(3)固定短語(yǔ):behind bars 在獄中
3. diet n.
(1)正常飲食 a balanced diet 均衡的飲食 a diet of potatoes 土豆食品
(2)飲食限制 go on a diet=be on a diet 節(jié)食, 節(jié)食
No sugar in my coffee; I’m dieting.
4. disease n. 疾病 a serious disease of the liver 嚴(yán)重的肝病
diseased adj. 有病的 a diseased plant病態(tài)的植物
辨析:illness, disease
illness:很少指具體疾病,只表示抽象的疾病和生病的狀態(tài)。
disease: 指可以染上和傳染他人的疾病。
e. g. Several children are away from school because of illness.幾個(gè)孩子因生病沒(méi)上學(xué)。
He has a rare heart disease.他得了一種罕見(jiàn)的心臟病。
5. probably 與 possibly比較
(1)probably 極有可能, 有幾分根據(jù)的猜測(cè); 比possibly所指的可能性大些。
e. g. He is working hard and clever as well many people can help him. He will probably win.他工作努力,人也聰明;很多人愿意幫助他。他極有可能取勝。
(2)possibly 可能地。表示客觀上潛在的可能性,可能性比probably小,經(jīng)常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can 或may 連用。
e. g. She may possibly be the greatest writer of her generation.
她或許是她那一代人中最偉大的作家。
6. promise v. &n. 允諾;答應(yīng)
動(dòng)詞用法:后接名詞或代詞、不定式、that 從句
(1)They promised an immediate reply. 他們答應(yīng)立刻回復(fù)。
(2)He promised me to be here at six o’clock.=He promised me that he would be here at six o’clock.. 他答應(yīng)我他將在六點(diǎn)在這里等我。
(3)I promised you not to say that. 我答應(yīng)你不說(shuō)那件事。
(4)It promises to be warm this afternoon. 今天下午有望轉(zhuǎn)暖。
(5)He is a promising boy. 他是一個(gè)有前途的男孩。
名詞用法:
make a promise 許下諾言 give a promise 許下諾言
keep a promise 信守諾言 carry out a promise 履行諾言
break a promise違背諾言
7. brain n.
(1)用作不可數(shù)名詞,大腦
The brain is the centre of higher nervous activity.大腦是高等神經(jīng)活動(dòng)的中樞。
(2)用作可數(shù)名詞brains,智力,頭腦
She has a good brain. =She has good brains.她很聰明。
8. advise, suggest用法
(1)advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事 advise doing sth. 建議做某事。
advise that…(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形
I advise you to leave now. 我建議你現(xiàn)在就離開。
I advise waiting till the proper time. 我建議等到適當(dāng)時(shí)機(jī)(才行動(dòng))。
We advise that steps (should) be taken at once. 我們建議立即采取措施。
(2)suggest建議,其句型為
suggest doing sth. 建議做某事
suggest one’s doing sth. =suggest sb. doing建議某人去做某事
suggest that…(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形
We suggested that the old museum(should)be rebuilt as soon as possible.
我們建議那座舊博物館應(yīng)該盡早重修。
9.diet與food的區(qū)別:
diet指的是習(xí)慣的食物或規(guī)定的食物,特指維持健康的定量或定質(zhì)的食物。
food指能吃喝的具有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的東西。例如:
The doctor has ordered me a special diet.醫(yī)生給我安排了特殊的飲食。
I like a simple diet best.我最喜歡粗茶淡飯。
We must have food to eat and clothes to wear.我們必須有食物吃,有衣服穿。
The patient must not go without food, but he must have a diet without sugar.
這個(gè)病人不可不吃東西,但要吃不含糖的飲食。
高中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)(二)
1. plenty of充分的,大量的,既可修可數(shù)名詞又可修不可數(shù)名詞,只用于陳述句,
在疑問(wèn)句中一般用enough,在否定句中用many 或much。
注意:plenty of前面沒(méi)有冠詞a, 不可誤記成a plenty of。
Make sure there is plenty of food for everyone. We have plenty of chairs here.
in plenty 充足地
There is food in plenty. =There is plenty of food.
2.be careful用法歸納
(1)be careful 單獨(dú)使用,當(dāng)心
Be careful!The pan is hot! 當(dāng)心!鍋很熱。
(2)be careful about…對(duì)……謹(jǐn)慎
I hope you’ll be careful in future about the things you say.我希望你將來(lái)對(duì)所說(shuō)事謹(jǐn)慎。
(3)be careful of…留神……
We have to be careful of what they are doing.我們得留神他們做的什么。
(4)be careful with…注意……
You must be more careful with your work.你們需注意你們的工作。
有時(shí)be careful表示吝嗇。
He’s too careful with his money; he never buys a drink for anyone.
他太吝嗇了,他從不給別人買杯水。
(5)be careful not to do sth. 小心不要做……
We want to be careful not to break anything.我們要小心不要打破任何東西。
(6)be careful+從句 加以小心
Be careful what you do. 小心你做的一切。
3.keep up with 跟上(防止落后)
keep up with the class 跟上班級(jí)(不掉隊(duì))
keep up with the development of society 適應(yīng)社會(huì)的發(fā)展
keep up with the going on 跟上時(shí)尚
注意:catch up with (已經(jīng)落后)趕上
4.Be +adj +to短語(yǔ)
(1)be harmful to…對(duì)……有害
be +adj. +to sb. /sth. 指對(duì)某人或某物有……影響或態(tài)度如何。
be good to…=be kind to…對(duì)……態(tài)度好
be friendly to…對(duì)……友好
be cruel to…對(duì)……兇殘
be bad to…對(duì)……態(tài)度不好
be polite/impolite to…對(duì)……有禮貌/無(wú)禮貌
be rude to…對(duì)……粗魯
5.cut短語(yǔ)總結(jié):
(1)cut into…把……切成
Vegetables should be cut into small pieces and dropped into the boiling water.
蔬菜應(yīng)切成小碎塊放進(jìn)開水里。
(2)cut up 切碎
Mom is cutting up the meat to make dumplings.媽媽正剁肉準(zhǔn)備包餃子。
(3)cut down 砍倒;削減
If you cut down the trees, you will ruin the land.如果你砍伐樹木,就會(huì)毀壞土地。
I have decided to cut down my smoking. 我決定戒煙。
(4)cut off 切斷,停掉
Our water supply has been cut off again. 我們的供水再次中斷。
6.Short短語(yǔ)
(1)be short of 缺少
I’m short of money this week, can you lend me some?這星期我缺錢,你能借我一點(diǎn)?
(2)run short 幾乎用光
We’ve run short of oil. 我們已經(jīng)用光油了。
The supply of oil is running short. 供應(yīng)的油快要用光了。
高中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)(三)
1.It was a bit green. 它還有點(diǎn)生。
1)句中的green意為“沒(méi)有成熟的”,是ripe的反義詞。例如:
We don¢t like to eat green fruit./ The apples are still too green to pick.
2)a bit作程度副詞,與a little同義。例如:
I¢m a bit/ a little tired. / Could you drive a bit/ a little slower?
3)但是,not a bit= not at all,而not a little=very/ much. 例如:
I¢m not a bit tired. 我一點(diǎn)不累 I¢m not a little tired.我很累。
2.While you are at school, or walking home, your body is burning up 100 calories an hour.你在學(xué)校上課或步行回家時(shí),你體內(nèi)每小時(shí)消耗100卡。
1)burn up意為“燒掉”、“燒毀”,在本句中意為“消耗掉”。例如:
He burned up all the old letters. 他把過(guò)去的全部信件都燒掉了。
The house burned up before they got there.他們到達(dá)那兒之前,房子已燒毀了。
2)up與一些動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)時(shí),有“完結(jié)”、“終結(jié)”的意思。如eat up 吃光,drink up喝光, tear up 撕碎,use up 用完,lock up鎖好。
3. Eating habits become part of who we are.飲食習(xí)慣變成我們自身的一部分。
who we are 為介詞of 的賓語(yǔ)從句。
eating habits 為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作句子的主語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞或不定式(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。Seeing is believing. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)part of… ……的一部分
Part of the building was destroyed in the fire.大樓的一部分被火燒毀了。
a part of 指不足一半,意為“一小部分”。
We spent a part of our holiday in France.我們的一部分假期是在法國(guó)度過(guò)的。
4.The Chinese eat less sugar than many other countries in the world.中國(guó)人吃的糖比世界上其它許多國(guó)家的人都少。
1)the Chinese 指(全體)中國(guó)人。以-ese結(jié)尾的表示國(guó)籍的詞與定冠詞連用時(shí),表示整個(gè)國(guó)家的人。例如:the Japanese(全體)日本人,the Vietnamese(全體)越南人。但指該國(guó)單個(gè)的人時(shí),則是a Chinese, a Japanese, a Vietnamese.
5.They eat a lot of sugar in the form of cakes, soft drinks,sweets and so on.他們吃蛋糕、軟飲料、糖果等,其中含有大量的糖。
1)in the form of 意為“以……的形式”。例如:He made the suggestion in the form of a question. 他以提問(wèn)題的形式提出建議。
He expressed his feelings in the form of letters.他用寫信來(lái)表達(dá)自己的感情。
He wrote a novel in the form of a diary.他以日記的形式寫了一本小說(shuō)。
6.In some parts of Britain, one person in ten, by the age of thirty, has no teeth left! 在英國(guó)有些地方,十分之一的人年方三十,牙齒就都脫光了!
1)one person in ten 是“十個(gè)中有一個(gè)”的意思,也可說(shuō)成one person out of ten。
例如:One in every four children had bad teeth./ Nine in ten people agreed with us./
2)by the age of意“……歲之前”“到……歲時(shí)”,at the age of 意“在……歲時(shí)
She had learned to play the piano by the age of ten.十歲之前,他就學(xué)會(huì)彈鋼琴。
He died at the age of 90.他九十歲去世。
7.Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.開張后的頭幾天,許多人到那家餐館去吃飯。
1)score作“二十”解,和數(shù)字連用時(shí),不可加s,如a score of eggs(20個(gè)蛋),four score and seven years ago(87年前)。但scores of則為固定詞組,意為“許多”。例如:A score or more attended the meeting.20多人出席會(huì)議。
I have been there scores of times.我到那兒去過(guò)多次了。
2)first后面跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),意為“頭幾個(gè)”、“頭一批”。例如:
For the first few weeks, they didn¢t talk to each other.頭幾個(gè)星期,他們彼此不曾講過(guò)話。He was one of the first people to discover America.他是首批發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲的人之一。
高中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)(四)
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞had better, should及 ought to的用法
(1)had better 最好
?、偌觿?dòng)詞原形
You’d better get some sleep. 你最好睡一會(huì)兒。
I’d better not disturb him. 我最好不打擾他了。
?、诤蠼觔e doing sth. 表示最好立即做某事
I think I’d better be going.我想我最好立刻走。
③祈使句中had省略
Better not wait for them. 最好不等他們。
?、芊戳x疑問(wèn)句用had
You’d better put away your socks, hadn’t you? 你最好把你襪子收拾好,難道不行嗎?
You had better not follow her, had you?你最好不要跟她,不是嗎?
(2)should 與ought to 應(yīng)該
?、賝ught to 的口氣比should 稍重一些,更側(cè)重于某件事責(zé)任、義務(wù)上該做的事情。should表示某件事宜于做。下列句子兩個(gè)詞不宜換用:
You are his father. You ought to take care of him.你是他的父親,就應(yīng)該照顧他。
We should not use too many big words in our everyday speech.
我們不應(yīng)該說(shuō)太多的大話在我們的日常講話中。
?、趏ught to 的句式變化
否定句:You ought not =(oughtn’t) to write so carelessly.你不該寫得這樣粗心。
疑問(wèn)句:Ought we to give him a chance to try?我們?cè)摻o他機(jī)會(huì)試一試?
③與完成時(shí)連用
should/ought to have done sth.本應(yīng)該做……(而實(shí)際沒(méi)做)
We ought to have finished our homework on time.我們本應(yīng)該按時(shí)完成作業(yè)。
shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done sth.本不應(yīng)該做……(而實(shí)際做了)
They oughtn’t to have come back so late.他們本不該回來(lái)這樣晚。
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