副詞“there那里”混淆。此結(jié)構(gòu)后跟名詞，表示“(存在)有某事物”。 試比較：There is a boy there.(那兒有一個(gè)男孩。)

　　前一個(gè)there無實(shí)義，后一個(gè)there為副詞‘那里’。

　　3. 基本句型 三： S + Vt + O (主+及物+賓)

　　此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是： 謂語動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，

　　但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語， 即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。

　　這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。 如：1. Who │knows │the answer?

　　2. He │admits │that he was mistaken

　　4. 基本句型 四： S + Vt + IO + DO (主+及物+間賓+直賓)

　　有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語, 這兩個(gè)賓語通常一個(gè)指人 (間接賓語);

　　一個(gè)指物 (直接賓語)。

　　eg：give / pass / bring / show

　　Give me a cup of tea please./ Pass our English teacher the book./ Bring it to me, please. / Show this house to Mr. Smith. 1.She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 2. He │brought │you │a dictionary.

　　5. 基本句型 五：S + Vt + O + OC(主+及物+賓+賓補(bǔ))

　　此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。

　　賓語補(bǔ)足語：位于賓語之后對(duì)賓語作出說明的成分。可以用作賓語補(bǔ)足語的有：

　　名詞，形容詞，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，分詞，介詞短語等。

　　The war made him a soldier. (名詞) New methods make the job easy .(形容詞) I often find him at work . (介詞短語)

　　The teacher ask the students to close the windows. (不定式) I saw a cat running across the road. (現(xiàn)在分詞) Our teacher found the windows closed. (過去分詞) 1. We │called │the boy │Jim.

　　英語句子成分劃分詳解

　　主語：就是一個(gè)句子陳述的對(duì)象，或是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。它回答的是“誰”“什么”的問題。

　　如：我看書。誰看書?“我”。“我”就是這句子的主語。主語由名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞充當(dāng)。(如動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞，代詞都可作主語，主語從句)主語(subject):句子說明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名詞) He likes dancing. (代詞)

　　Twenty years is a short time in history. (數(shù)詞) Seeing is believing. (動(dòng)名詞) To see is to believe. (不定式)

　　What he needs is a book.(主語從句)

　　It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語) 謂語：說明主語是什么，干什么，怎么樣。它回答的是主語“干什么，是什么”的問題。 如上句中主語“我”干什么?“看書”。“看書”就是謂語

　　一個(gè)句子，一般都可分成主、謂兩大部分(祈使句是省主句)。再細(xì)分又可分成謂語(動(dòng)詞)、賓語，表語，補(bǔ)語(包括賓補(bǔ)和主補(bǔ))，定語，狀語，同位語等。 如第一例中謂語部分可劃分成謂語(看)和賓語(書)。 謂語部分中心詞一定要是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，要么是行為動(dòng)詞，要么是系動(dòng)詞，不同的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成不同的句子類型。 句子的各種時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化都在謂語動(dòng)詞上變。 謂語(predicate):說明主語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征。

　　We study English.

　　He is asleep.

　　賓語：指謂語動(dòng)詞所涉及的對(duì)象，由名、代、數(shù)，賓語從句等相當(dāng)于名詞的詞句充當(dāng)，但人稱代詞要用賓格。 如：還說上例。謂語動(dòng)詞是“看”，看什么?看“書”，“書”是動(dòng)詞“看”所涉及的對(duì)象，是“看”的賓語。 需要說明的是：只有及物動(dòng)詞和介詞或相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞的短語才可帶賓語。

　　賓語：1)動(dòng)作的承受者-----動(dòng)賓

　　I like China.(名詞)

　　He hates you.(代詞)

　　How many do you need? We need two.(數(shù)詞)

　　We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (動(dòng)名詞)

　　I hope to see you again. (不定式)

　　Did you write down what he said?(賓語從句)

　　2) 介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞-----介賓

Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.

　　3) 雙賓語-----間賓(指人)和直賓(指物)

　　He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.

　　表語：是和系動(dòng)詞緊密相連的。在陳述句中系動(dòng)詞后面的就是表語，這就是“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)。作表語的也是名詞性的詞，也可以是從句。

　　表語(predicative):系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。

　　He is a teacher. (名詞)

　　Seventy-four! You don’t look it.(代詞) Five and five is ten.(數(shù)詞)

　　He is asleep. (形容詞)

　　His father is in. (副詞)

　　The picture is on the wall. (介詞短語)

　　My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容詞化的分詞)

　　To wear a flower is to say“I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring.(不定式)

　　The question is whether they will come. (表語從句)

　　(常見的系動(dòng)詞有: be, sound(聽起來), look(看起來), feel(摸起來，smell(聞起來), taste(嘗、吃起來), remain(保持，仍是), feel(感覺)... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.

　　The food smells delicious.

　　The food tastes good.

　　The door remains open.

　　Now I feel tired.

　　定語：修飾限定名詞、代詞的詞，說明所修飾詞的性質(zhì)、特征等，

　　如 a tall boy中，tall修飾boy,tall是boy的定語?？勺鞫ㄕZ的有形容詞、名詞、副詞、定語從句、分詞等。不定代詞的定語一律后置。定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名詞) He is our friend.(代詞)

　　We belong to the third world. (數(shù)詞)

　　He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容詞) The man over there is my old friend.(副詞)

　　The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞)

　　The boys playing football are in Class 2. (現(xiàn)在分詞)

　　The trees planted last year are growing well now.(過去分詞) I have an idea to do it well. (不定式)

　　You should do everything that I do. (定語從句)

　　狀語：修飾動(dòng)詞、副詞、形容詞甚至整句，說明謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、伴隨狀況、目的等等。 如：他在燈下看書。“在燈下”是狀語。

　　補(bǔ)語：補(bǔ)充說明主語或賓語的成份,補(bǔ)充說明主語的叫主語補(bǔ)足語，補(bǔ)充賓語叫賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：他把我逗笑了。He made me laugh.主語：he;謂語：made;賓語：me;賓補(bǔ)：laugh.補(bǔ)語和它補(bǔ)充說明的成份之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，這可以把它和其它成份區(qū)分開。如：上句賓語me和賓補(bǔ)laugh之間，laugh的動(dòng)作是me來做的。這就是一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。把這兩部分單拿出來可以成一句完整的話，即I laughed, 賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。 We elected him monitor. (名詞)

　　We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.(名)

　　We will make them happy.(形容詞)

　　We found nobody in. (副詞)

　　Please make yourself at home.介詞短語)

　　Don’t let him do that.(省to不定式)

　　His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(帶to不定式)

　　Don’t keep the lights burning.(現(xiàn)在分詞)

　　I’ll have my bike repaired.(過去分詞) 主補(bǔ)：對(duì)主語的補(bǔ)充。

　　He was elected monitor.

　　She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.

　　語法是句子的框架，學(xué)語法應(yīng)該說是學(xué)習(xí)語言的一個(gè)捷徑。相對(duì)而言，句子的靈魂是詞匯，學(xué)習(xí)是個(gè)長期積累過程，詞匯積累更是如此。學(xué)習(xí)也要講究方法，活學(xué)活用，在運(yùn)用中記憶，不能死記硬背。另外，語言都有些相通的地方，結(jié)合母語對(duì)照學(xué)習(xí)也很有效。 I will go there tomorrow.

　　The meeting will be held in the meetingroom. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.

　　He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

　　He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well.