Unit 4 He said I was hard-working

　　1. every Saturday 每周六

　　2. first of all首先

　　3. both……and…… 兩者都(謂語動(dòng)詞要注意對稱原則)

　　4. neither….nor 兩者都不(謂語動(dòng)詞要注意就近和對稱原則)

　　5. most of…絕大多數(shù)

　　6. an exciting week 令人興奮的一周

　　7. agree on something 同意某人的計(jì)劃;對….取得 一致意見

　　8. agree to do sth. 答應(yīng)/同意做…

　　9. pass on (to)　　　　　　　 傳遞

　　10. be supposed to do sth.　 　　 被期望或被要求做... ...

　　11. be mad at …… 對……瘋狂/生氣

　　12. do better in=be better at 　　 在......方面做得更好

　　13. be in good health 　　身體健康

　　14. report card 　　　　　 成績單

　　15. sound /feel /smell /taste /look 是連系動(dòng)詞，一般只能跟adj.做表語

　　16. sound like/feel like/smell like/taste like/look like

　　聽起來像…/感覺像…/聞起來像…/嘗起來像…/看起來像…+sb./sth.

　　17. get… over　 　　　　　　 克服;恢復(fù);原諒

　　18. open up 　　　　　　　 打開/展開/開發(fā)/揭露

　　19. care for　 　　　　　　 照料;照顧;意愿;計(jì)較

　　20. have a(surprise) party for sb.　 為某人舉行一次(驚喜0聚會(huì)

　　21. end-of-year exam=final exam 期末考試

　　22. not----anymore 不再

　　23. do a home project 做作業(yè)

　　24. be surprised\happy\excited to do sth 做某事感到驚訝、高興、激動(dòng)

　　25. be \get nervous 感到緊張

　　26. have a very hard time with.. 在---日子不好過

　　27. an disappointing result 令人失望的結(jié)果

　　28. take\ leave a message 捎(留)個(gè)口信

　　29. have a big fight

　　30. it is a good idea for sb. to do sth

　　31. to teach in China’s rural areas

　　32. feel lucky

　　33. people who need help 需要幫助的人

　　34. something we can do for them 我們能為他們做的事

　　35. there is no difference between…and.. 在。。和。。之間沒有區(qū)別

　　36. Groups and the work they do

　　Groups The work they do

　　Greenpeace Cares for ‘Mother Earth”

　　Doctors Without Borders Helps sick people in poor countries

　　UNICEF Helps children in poor countries

　　WWF Cares for wild animals in danger

　　37.the Hope Project 希望工程

　　38.fortunately

　　本單元目標(biāo)句型：

　　轉(zhuǎn)述他人話語:What did sb. say? He said I …She said she…They said…

　　1. 許老師告訴我徐夢蝶會(huì)說二種語言。Mr. Xu told me that XuMengdie could speak three languages.

　　2. 許老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。Mr. Xu said (that)the earth turns around the sun.

　　3. 許老師告訴我他將去北京。She told me he would go to Beijing the next day.

　　4. 許老師說歐洋正在做作業(yè)Mr. Xu said OuYang was doing his homework at that time.

　　5. 許老師說王碩研勤奮。Mr. Xu said Wang Shuoyan was hard-working.

　　6. 在英語上，與聽相比，我更擅長于讀。In English, I’m better at reading than listening.

　　7. 情況怎樣? How’s it going?

　　8. 她不想再當(dāng)我最好的朋友了。She didn’t want to be my best friend anymore.

　　9. I said it would start a bad habit , and that she would do her own work.

　　10. That’s about all the news I have now. Mum and Dad send their love.

　　11. She said helping others changed her life.

　　12. Teaching high school students in a poor mountain village in Gansu Province may not like fun to you.

　　13. The Peking University graduate first went there as an volunteer on a one-year program.

　　14. Life in the mountains was a new experience for Lang Lei. Her village was 2,000metere above the sea level, and at first the thin air made her feel sick.

　　15. Young people today need to experience different things

　　16. Some of the students may not be able to go to senior high school or collage.

　　17. I can open up my students’ eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life.

　　18. She said she likes being a good influence in the children’s lives.

　　19. She now works as a math teacher at a high school in the city of Pingliang, Gansu Province.

　　20. You are at B’s house working on a homework project.

　　21. You were supposed to meet at the bus stop this morning to return it, but A didn’t come to the bus stop.

　　22. A calls you with a message for C. Pass on the message, and then give C’s answer to A.

　　23. What are some things that happen on soap operas?

　　本單元語法講解

　　直接引語和間接引語

　　(一)直接引述別人的原話，叫做直接引語;用自己話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構(gòu)成賓語從句。直接引語必須放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，間接引語則不用引號(hào)。直接引語改為間接引語時(shí)，除將引語部分變成賓語從句外，還必須對直接引語中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等進(jìn)行改變。

　　1. 時(shí)態(tài)的變化：直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，通常受轉(zhuǎn)述動(dòng)詞said，asked等的影響而使用過去化的時(shí)態(tài)，即把原來的時(shí)態(tài)向過去推，也就是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變

　　一般過去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時(shí)等。 例如：

　　Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”

　　→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.

　　2. 人稱代詞、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等等的變化;根據(jù)意義進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化。 如：

　　She asked Jack,“Where have you been?” →She asked Jack where he had been.

　　He said,“These books are mine.” →He said that those books were his.

　　(二)直接引語改為間接引語時(shí)，都使用陳述語序，但是因?yàn)樵涞木涫讲煌宰兂砷g接引語時(shí)所用的連詞會(huì)有所不同。

　　1.陳述句的間接引語：陳述句由直接引語變間接引語，由that引導(dǎo)，可以省略。

　　“I want the blue one.” he told us. “我想要蘭色的。” 他說。

　　→He told us that he wanted the blue one. 他說他想要蘭色的。

　　She said to me, “You can’t do anything now.” 她對我說：“此刻你無法做任何事情。”

　　→She told me that I couldn’t do anything then.　 她對我說那時(shí)我無法做任何事。

　　2. 疑問句的間接引語

　　直接引語如果是疑問句，變成間接引語后，叫做間接疑問句。間接疑問句為陳述語序，句末用句號(hào)，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)等的變化與間接陳述句相同。引述動(dòng)詞常用ask, wonder, want to know等間接疑問句一般有三種：

　　(1).一般疑問句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)， 由whether或if 引導(dǎo)。 如：

　　“Has he ever worked in Shanghai?”Jim asked. “他在上海工作過嗎?”吉姆問。

　　→Jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in Shanghai.吉姆問他是否在上海工作過。

　　“Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” The old man asked.

　　那個(gè)老人問：“你能告訴我去醫(yī)院的路嗎?

　　→The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital.

　　那老人問我是否能告訴他去醫(yī)院路。

　　(2). 特殊疑問句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，仍由原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)。 如：

　　“Which room do you live in?” He asked. “你住哪個(gè)房間?”他問我。

　　→He asked me which room I lived in. 他問我住哪個(gè)房間。

　　“What do you think of the film?” She asked. 她問“你怎么看這部電影?”

　　→She asked her friend what she thought of the film . 她問她朋友怎么看這部電影。

　　(3). 選擇疑問句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，由whether/if …or引導(dǎo)。 如：

　　“Is it your bike or Tom’s? Mum asked. 媽媽問：“這是你的自行車還是湯姆的?”

　　→Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Tom’s.媽媽問這是我的自行車還是湯姆的。

　　“Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?” Kate asked.

　　“你妹妹喜歡蘭色的裙子還是綠色的?”凱特問。

　　→Kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue dresses or green ones.

　　凱特問我妹妹喜歡蘭色裙子還是綠色的。

　　3. 祈使句的間接引語當(dāng)祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，間接祈使句的引述動(dòng)詞常用tell，ask，order，beg，request，order等，而把直接祈使句變成帶to的不定式短語。 如：

　　Jack said, “Please come to my house tomorrow, Mary.　” 杰克說：“瑪麗，明天請到我家來。”

　　→Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day.　杰克請瑪麗第二天到他家去。

　　The teacher said to the students, ”Stop talking.” 老師對學(xué)生們說：“不要講話了。”

　　→The teacher told the students to stop talking. 老師讓學(xué)生們不要說話了。

　　“Don’t touch anything.” He said.“不要碰任何東西。”他說。

　　→He told us not to touch anything. 他對我們說不要碰任何東西。

　　4. 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和代詞等的變動(dòng)

　　(1). 某些代詞，限定詞，表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的副詞和個(gè)別動(dòng)詞在間接引語中的變化規(guī)則：

　　直接引語　　　　　　　　 　 間接引語

　　today　　　　　　　　 　　　　 that day

　　now 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 then, at that moment

　　yesterday　　　　　　　 　　　 the day before

　　the day before yesterday　　　 two days before

　　tomorrow　　　　　 the next day / the following day

　　the day after tomorrow　two days after, / in two days

　　next week/ month etc　　　　 the next week/month etc

　　last week/ month etc　　the week / month etc. before

　　here　　　　　　　　　 　　　 there

　　this　　　　　　　　　 　　　　 that

　　these　　　　　　　　　　　　 those

　　come　　　　　　　　　 　　 go

　　bring　　　　　　　　　 　 take

　　(2). 如果引述動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式，則間接引語中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，代詞，限定詞和表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的副詞不用變化。而如果引述動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)，以上內(nèi)容就要有相應(yīng)變化。變化情況如下： 現(xiàn)在時(shí)間推移到過去的時(shí)間(注意:如果直接引語是表示客觀規(guī)律的,那么時(shí)態(tài)仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) →一般過去時(shí);

　　現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) →過去進(jìn)行時(shí);

　　一般將來時(shí) →過去將來時(shí);

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) →過去完成時(shí);

　　Unit 5 If you go to the party，you’ll have a great time!

　　1. at the party 在晚會(huì)上

　　2. ask sb. to do sth. 請某人做某事

　　3. stay at home 呆在家

　　4. half the class/students 一半學(xué)生

　　5. get injured 受傷

　　6. have a great time =have a wonderful\good time　 玩得高興

　　7. take …away　 　 運(yùn)走，取走 put away 收起來，放好

　　8. all the time=always　 一直，始終

　　9. make a living (by doing sth)　 謀生

　　10. in order to do sth…　　 為了做某事

　　11. have a party 　舉行聚會(huì)

　　12. go to college　 上大學(xué)

　　13. be famous for… 　 因……而著稱 be famous as… 作為…而出名

　　14. make money =earn money　　 掙錢

　　15. in fact　 事實(shí)上

　　16. laugh at… 　　　 嘲笑

　　17. too much太多(修飾不可數(shù)名詞)too many太多(修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))much too+形容詞/副詞 太…

　　18. get exercise 　鍛煉 注意(exercise當(dāng)“鍛煉”是不可數(shù)名詞;而當(dāng)“操”“練習(xí)”是可數(shù)名詞)

　　19. travel around the world 周游世界

　　20. work hard 　　　　　 努力工作

　　21. wear jeans 　　　　 穿牛仔褲

　　22. let ... in　允許……進(jìn)入，嵌入 keep…out 不允許。。進(jìn)入

　　23. get an education　 獲得教育

　　24. take… away 拿開，拿走

　　25. study for the test 準(zhǔn)備考試

　　26. make some food 準(zhǔn)備食物 make dumplings 做水餃 make the bed 整理床鋪

　　27. half the class 一半的學(xué)生

　　28. the rules for school parties 學(xué)校派對的規(guī)則

　　29. children’s hospital 兒童醫(yī)院

　　30. join the Lions 加入獅隊(duì)

　　31. give money to schools and charities 給學(xué)校和慈善組織捐錢

　　32. become a professional soccer player 成為一個(gè)職業(yè)的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員

　　33. organize the games for the class party 為班級(jí)派對準(zhǔn)備游戲

　　34. play sports for a living 靠體育運(yùn)動(dòng)為生

　　本單元目標(biāo)句型：

　　1. If you do, you’ll…2. I’m going to … 3. You should…

　　4. Don’t you want to …? 5. Don’t you think ….?

　?、偃绻罾蠋熑⒓油頃?huì)，我們將會(huì)玩得非常高興。 If Ms Li goes to the party, we’ll have a great time.

　?、谌绻愦┡Ｗ醒澣ネ頃?huì)，李老師將不會(huì)讓你進(jìn)入。If you wear jeans to the party, Ms Li won’t let you in.

　　6.For many young people, becoming a professional athlete might seem like a dream job.

　　7.If you become a professional athlete, you will be able to make a living doing something you love.

　　8.However, professional athletes can also have many problems.

　　9.If you are famous, people will watch you all the time and follow you everywhere. This can make life difficult.

　　10. If you become rich, you will have a difficult time knowing who your real friends are.

　　11.In fact, many famous people complain that they are not happy.

　　本單元語法講解

　　if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。If是連詞，所連接的句子 叫條件狀語 從句，表示假設(shè)或條件，意思是 “ 如果…的話”，用法如下：

　　1、表示假設(shè)，表示將會(huì)發(fā)生和可能發(fā)生的事，或進(jìn)行提醒警告。句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下： If +句子(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))，+主句(主語will/may/can) +動(dòng)詞)

　　a. If you finish your homework , you can go out and play.

　　b. If I have enough money next year , I will go to travel .

　　2. 表示真實(shí)條件、客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象、定理定義 . 民 間諺語等，句型是：

　　If + 句子 (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) )，+ 主句 ( 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)).

　　例： If you study hard ,you are sure to succeed .

　　If you put ice in a warm place ,it turns into water .

　　If a glass falls on the floor, it usually breaks

　　If you cook a banana, it becomes very soft .

　　If a plant don’t get enough light ,it grows very tall and thin.

　　Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?

　　1. raise money for 籌錢

　　2. collect stamps 集郵

　　3. run out of… 用盡

　　4. by the way 順便說一下

　　5. on the way to.. 在…的路上

　　6. be interested in 對…感興趣

　　7. more than=over 超過

　　8. fly kites 放風(fēng)箏

　　9. start class 開始上課

　　10. start a snow globe collector’s club 開辦雪球儀收集者俱樂部

　　11. the most common(unusual, interesting) hobby 最普通的愛好

　　12. listen to music videos 聽音樂碟片

　　13. organize a talent show to raise money for charity 為慈善機(jī)構(gòu)捐錢而舉辦的才藝展示

　　14. extra English lessons 額外的英語課

　　15. have problems with the language 語言方面有問題

　　16. the capital of Heilongjiang Province 黑龍江的省會(huì)

　　17. an interesting city with a colorful history 一個(gè)有著豐富多彩歷史文化的有趣的城市

　　18. three and a half years =three years and a half 三年半

　　19. a pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans 一雙滑冰鞋/一雙鞋/一副眼鏡/一條褲子/牛仔褲

　　 How much is a pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?

　　= How much does a(this) pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans cost?

　　 How much are the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?

　　= How much do the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans cost?

　　本單元目標(biāo)句型：

　　1. How long have you been skating? 你滑冰有多長時(shí)間了?

　　2. I’ve been skating since nine o’clock./since I was four years old.

　　我從九點(diǎn)一直滑到現(xiàn)在/我從四歲一直滑到現(xiàn)在。

　　3. I’ve been skating for five hours. 我一直滑了五小時(shí) 。

　　4. The more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China.

　　我對中國的歷史了解得越多， 我就越喜歡住在中國。

　　5. Was this your first skating marathon? No, I skated in a marathon last year.

　　6. When did you get your first pair of skates?

　　7. Alison was the first one to start and has been skating for the whole five hours.

　　Alison是第一個(gè)開始并且已經(jīng)滑了整整5個(gè)小時(shí)。

　　8. I’m talking to you from the Hilltop School Skating Marathon.

　　9. For every hour they skate, each student raises ten yuan for charity.

　　每滑一個(gè)小時(shí)，每位學(xué)生可為慈善事業(yè)籌集10元錢。

　　10. Thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster. In fact I think it’s probably my favorite.

　　謝謝你送我的怪物雪球儀。事實(shí)上，我想它可能是我的最愛。

　　11. My mom says I have to stop, because we’ve run out of room to store them.

　　媽媽說我必須停止了，因?yàn)槲覀円呀?jīng)沒有地方來存放他們了。

　　12. The first one I ever got was a birthday cake snow globe on my twelfth birthday.

　　我得到的第一個(gè)雪球儀是我十二歲生日得到的生日蛋糕雪球儀。

　　13. I particularly love globes with animals. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me.

　　我特別喜歡動(dòng)物雪球儀。如果你知道其他人收集他們的話，請告訴我們。

　　14. By the way, what’s your hobby?

　　15. I’m interested in the job as a writer.

　　16. The school newspaper needs a writer. We will give you different topics to choose from. To get the job, please answer these four questions.

　　校報(bào)需要一個(gè)撰稿人。我們會(huì)給你一些不同的話題來選擇。要得到這份工作，請回答這樣四個(gè)問題。

　　17. How many Chinese dynasties can you think of? 你能想起多少中國朝代?

　　18. Can you think of famous characters from the history of other countries? Make a list.

　　從其他國家歷史中，你能記起一些著名人物嗎?列個(gè)表。

　　19. In fact, the first Jews probably came to Kaifeng more than a thousand years ago and were welcomed by the Song Emperor.

　　事實(shí)上，第一批猶太人可能在一千多年前就來到開封而且受到宋朝皇帝的歡迎。

　　20. There is some European influence in the city, and some of the old buildings in Harbin are in Russian style.這個(gè)城市有歐洲文化的影響，而且哈爾濱的一些老建筑還是俄羅斯風(fēng)格的。新 課 標(biāo)第 一網(wǎng)

　　21. For a foreigner like me, the more I learn about Chinese culture, the more I enjoy living in China.

　　對于一個(gè)像我一樣的外國人來說，我對中國文化了解越多，我就越喜歡住在中國。

　　22. And although I live quite far from Beijing, I’m certain I will be here for the Olympic Games in 2008.

　　盡管我住得離北京很遠(yuǎn)，但我相信2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)我一定在這兒。

　　本單元語法講解

　　現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示從過去某時(shí)開始到現(xiàn)在這一段時(shí)間里一直在延續(xù)的動(dòng)作。

　　現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行式結(jié)構(gòu)：have / has +been+ doing/

　　1.I have been writing the letter since then.從那時(shí)起我一直在寫這封信。(動(dòng)作從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù))

　　2.I have been collecting stamps for ten years.自從10年前我就收集郵票了(動(dòng)作從過去一直現(xiàn)在還在收集)。

　　3. How long have you been living here?你在這兒已經(jīng)住了多長時(shí)間了。(“居住”動(dòng)作從過去一直現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù))

　　現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：

　　1現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)比現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性：

　　2如果沒有時(shí)間強(qiáng)調(diào)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作仍在進(jìn)行，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束，

　　3現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一般不適用于表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則可：